2 Quinn, Malcolm The Swastika: Constructing the Symbol (London, 1994), pp. 5, 10 cited in King, p. 12 (Back)

3 King, p. 12 (Back)

4 Lowenthal, 'Age and Artefact: Dilemmas of Appreciation' in Meinig, D. W. The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes (O. U. P.: Oxford and New York, 1979), p. 104 (Back)

5 ibid., p. 121 (Back)

6 ibid. (Back)

7 ibid., p. 123 (Back)

8 Winter, Jay and Sivan, (eds.) Emmanuel War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1999), Introduction, pp. 16-7 (Back)

9 See Lloyd, David Battlefield Tourism: Pilgrimage and Commemoration of the Great War in Britain, Australia and Canada, 1919-1939 (Berg: Oxford and New York, 1998) (Back)

10 Winter & Sivan, p. 17 (Back)

11 ibid., p. 18 (Back)

12 ibid., p. 37 (Back)

13 ibid., p. 38 (Back)

14 ibid. (Back)

15 ibid. (Back)

16 ibid. (Back)

17 Lloyd, David Battlefield Tourism: Pilgrimage and Commemoration of the Great War in Britain, Australia and Canada, 1919-1939 (Berg: Oxford and New York, 1998), pp. 100-1 (Back)

18 Sidgwick, Christopher The Feast of Locusts: Being a Soldier's Retrospective in Time of War, of a Europe Known in Peace (London, n. d.), p. 191 cited in Lloyd, p. 112 emphasis added. (Back)

19 Lloyd, p. 112 (Back)

20 Willson, Beckles Ypres: The Holy Ground of British Arms (Bruges, 1920), p. 60 cited in Lloyd, p. 113 (Back)

21 ibid., p. 114 (Back)

22 ibid. (Back)

23 ibid. (Back)

24 ibid., p. 123 (Back)

25 Brice, Beatrice Ypres - Outpost of the Channel Ports: A Concise Historical Guide to the Salient of Ypres (London, 1929), p. 48 cited in Lloyd, p. 123 (Back)

26 Kenyon, Frederick War Graves, How the Cemeteries Abroad will be Designed (London, 1918), pp. 10-11 cited in Lloyd, p. 125 (Back)

27 Blomfield, Reginald Memoirs of an Architect (London, 1932), p. 179 cited in ibid. (Back)

28 Brittain, Vera Testament of Friendship: The Story of Winifred Holtby (London, 1940), p. 362 cited in Lloyd, p. 129 (Back)

29 Bushaway, Bob 'Name upon Name: The Great War and Remembrance' in Porter, Roy (ed.) Myths of the English (Polity Press: Cambridge, 1992), p. 144 (Back)

30 Winter, Jay Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Canto: Cambridge, 1993), p. 79 (Back)

31 Morris, Mandy S. 'Gardens 'For Ever England': Landscape, Identity and the First World War British Cemeteries on the Western Front' Ecumene, 1997, Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 411 (Back)

32 ibid. (Back)

33 ibid., p. 412 (Back)

34 ibid., pp. 417-8 (Back)

35 The Times, 7 May 1921, p. 11 cited in Morris, p. 418 (Back)

36 ibid., p. 422 (Back)

37 ibid. (Back)

38 Heffernan, Michael 'For Ever England: The Western Front and the Politics of Remembrance in Britain', Ecumene, 1995, Vol. 2, No. 3, p. 294 (Back)

39 ibid. (Back)

40 ibid. (Back)

41 ibid., pp. 311-2 (Back)

42 ibid., p. 312 (Back)

43 ibid. (Back)

44 Laqueur, Thomas W. 'Memory and Naming in the Great War' in Gillis, John R. (ed.) Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity (Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey, 1994), p. 153 (Back)

45 ibid., p. 155 (Back)

46 ibid., p. 160 (Back)

47 ibid. (Back)

48 Borg, Alan War Memorials from Antiquity to the Present (Leo Cooper: London, 1991), p. 57 (Back)

49ibid. (Back)

50 ibid., p. 60 (Back)

51 ibid. (Back)

52 ibid., p. 129 (Back)

53 ibid. (Back)

54 ibid. (Back)

55 ibid., pp. 129-30 (Back)

56 ibid., p. 130 (Back)

57 ibid., p. 125 (Back)

58 ibid. (Back)

59 ibid. (Back)

60 ibid., p. 126 (Back)

61 ibid., p. 131 (Back)

62 ibid. (Back)

63 ibid., p. 132 (Back)

64 ibid., p. 3 (Back)

65 Lloyd, p. 126 (Back)

66 Borg, p. 89 (Back)

67 Nicholson, G. We Will Remember Them . . . Overseas Memorials to Canada's War Dead (Ottawa, 1973), p. 16-7 cited in Borg, p. 89 (Back)

68 Bird, W. R. Thirteen Years After: The Story of the Old Front Revisited (Toronto, 1932), p. 8; Canadian Battlefields Commission, Canadian Battlefield Memorials (Ottawa, 1929), p. 21 both cited in Lloyd, p. 126 (Back)

69 Williamson, H. The Wet Flanders Plain (London, 1929), p. 98 cited in Lloyd, p. 126 (Back)

70 Lloyd, p. 126 (Back)

71 ibid. (Back)

72 Winter, p. 107 (Back)

73 Winter, Jay 'Forms of Kinship and Remembrance in the Aftermath of the Great War', in Winter and Sivan, (eds.), p. 40 (Back)

74 Hayden, Dolores 'Landscapes of loss and remembrance: the case of Little Tokyo in Los Angeles', in ibid., p. 142 (Back)

75 ibid., p. 144 (Back)

76 On 'collective memory' see Winter and Sivan, Introduction, pp. 1-39 (Back)

(This essay has been written by Michèle Fry, 2000 and it is copyright.)

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