2 ibid.(Back)

3 ibid. (Back)

4 ibid. (Back)

5 Campbell, James 'Combat Gnosticism: The Ideology of First World War Poetry Criticism', New Literary History, Vol. 30, No. 1, Winter 1999, p. 203 (Back)

6 ibid. (Back)

7 ibid., p. 204 (Back)

8 ibid. (Back)

9 Goldman, Dorothy, Gledhill, Jane and Hattaway, Judith Women Writers and the Great War (Twayne Publishers: New York, 1995), p. 136 (Back)

10 ibid. (Emphasis added by Goldman, ellipses hers); see 'Soldier's Heart: Literary Men, Literary Women, and the Great War' in Higonnet, M. R., Jenson, J., Michel, S. and Weitz, M. C. (eds.) Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars (Yale University Press: New Haven and London, 1987), p. 201 (Back)

11 ibid. (Emphasis added by Goldman); see Elsthain, Jean Bethke Women and War (Harvester Press: Brighton, 1987), p. 217 (Back)

12 ibid., pp. 93-4 (Back)

13 Campbell, p. 204 (Back)

14 Gray, Martin 'Lyrics of the First World War: Some Comments' in Day, Gary (ed.) British Poetry, 1900-50: Aspects of Tradition (Macmillan: Basingstoke and London, 1992), p. 49 (Back)

15 ibid., p. 50 (Back)

16 ibid. (Back)

17 Gardner, Brian (Methuen: London, 1964), Parsons, I. M. (Heinemann: London, 1965), Hussey, Maurice (Longman: London, 1967), Black, E. L. (University of London Press Ltd.: London, 1970), Silkin, Jon (Penguin: London, 1979), Hibberd, Dominic and Onions, John (Macmillan: Basingstoke and London, 1986), Stephen, Martin (J M Dent: London, 1993), Featherstone, Simon (Routledge: London, 1995), Roberts, David (Saxon Books: Sussex, 1996), no editor listed (Penguin: London, 1998). (Back)

18 There are a number of poems in the anthologies by that prolific author, 'Anonymous'. (Back)

19 Campbell, p. 210 (Back)

20 Gardner, Brian (ed.) Up the Line to Death (Methuen: London, 1964), p. xix (Back)

21 ibid., pp. xxiv-xxv (Back)

22 Parsons, I. M. (ed.) Men Who March Away (Heinemann: London, 1965), p. 13 (Back)

23 Hussey, Maurice (ed.) Poetry of the First World War (Longman: London, 1967), p. 26 (Back)

24 ibid., p. 30 (Back)

25 ibid., p. 41. 'For the Fallen' was published in The Times in September 1914. (Back)

26ibid., p. 42 (Back)

27 Black, E. L. (ed.) 1914-18 in Poetry (University of London Press Ltd.: London, 1970), p. 5 (Back)

28 The poems are Binyon's 'For the Fallen', 'The Sower (Eastern France)' and 'The Ebb of War'; Housman's 'Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries', 'When I would Muse in Boyhood' and 'Here Dead We Lie'; Gibson's 'Breakfast', 'A Lament' and 'In the Ambulance'; Kipling's 'Gethsemane', 'A Dead Statesman', 'Common Form', 'Batteries Out of Ammunition', 'Mesopotamia' and 'Two Canadian Memorials'; Chesterton's 'Elegy in a Country Churchyard'; Hardy's 'In Time of "The Breaking of Nations"' and 'Men Who March Away'; Service's 'Tipperary Days'; Dyment's 'The Son' and Hughes' 'Bayonet Charge' and 'Six Young Men'. (Back)

29 Silkin, Jon The Penguin Book of First World War Poetry (Penguin: London, 1979), p. 73 (Back)

30 ibid. (Back)

31 ibid., p. 74 (Back)

32 ibid. (Back)

33 ibid. (Back)

34 ibid. (Back)

35 Roberts includes seven poems by Kipling, whilst Hussey, Black and Hibberd/Onions include six. (Back)

36 ibid., p. 76 (Back)

37 ibid. (Back)

38 ibid. (Back)

39 Davie, Donald 'In the Pity', New Statesman, 28 August 1964, pp. 282-3 cited in Hibberd, Dominic and Onions, John Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology (Macmillan: Basingstoke and London, 1986), pp. 1-2 (Back)

40 Hibberd and Onions, p. 2 (Back)

41 ibid. (Back)

42 ibid., p. 3 (Back)

43 ibid. (Back)

44 ibid., pp. 3-4 (Back)

45 ibid., p. 6 (Back)

46 ibid. (Back)

47 ibid. (Back)

48 ibid. (Back)

49 ibid. (Back)

50 See footnote 11 (Back)

51 Stephen, Martin (ed.) Never Such Innocence (J M Dent: London, 1993), p. xii (Back)

52 Widdowson, Peter (ed.) Thomas Hardy: Selected Poetry and Non-fictional Prose (Macmillan: Basingstoke and London, 1997), p. 203 (Back)

53 Stephen, p. xiii (Back)

54 ibid. (Back)

55 ibid. (Back)

56 ibid. (Back)

57 Featherstone, Simon War Poetry: An Introductory Reader (Routledge: London, 1995), p. 2 (Back)

58 ibid. Featherstone includes eight poems of Gurney's poems - as many as are included by Hibberd/Onions, but fewer than Hussey's nine, or the ten in the Penguin 80th anniversary anthology. (Back)

59 ibid. (Back)

60 Roberts, David Minds at War (Saxon Books: Sussex, 1996), p. 11 (Back)

61 ibid. (Back)

62 ibid. (Back)

63 ibid. (Back)

64 ibid. (Back)

65 Trotter, Jacqueline (ed.) Valour and Vision: Poems of the War 1914-18 (Martin Hopkinson & Co. Ltd.: London, 1923), p. vii (Back)

66 It is also in Roberts' Minds at War. (Back)

67 Trotter, p. ix (Back)

68 Press, John A Map of Modern English Verse (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1969), p. 137 (Back)

69 ibid. (Back)

70 Khan, Nosheen Women's Poetry of the First World War (Harvester Wheatsheaf: Herts., 1988), p. 1 (Back)

71 Scars Upon My Heart (Virago, 1998) (Back)

72 Khan, p. 2 (Back)

73 ibid., p. 6 (Back)

74 Owing to the censorship exercised during the war, any knowledge gained from newspapers reports is, at best, vague and inaccurate, and at worst, in total contradiction to the facts. (Back)

75 Reilly, p. xx (Back)

76 ibid. (Back)

77 ibid., p. xxiii (Back)

78 ibid. (Back)

79 Tylee, Claire The Great War and Women's Consciousness: Images of Militarism and Womanhood in Women's Writings, 1914-64 (University of Iowa Press: Iowa, 1990), p. 7 (Back)

80 ibid., p. 13 (Back)

81 ibid. (Back)

82 Reilly, p. xxxiii. Sometimes it is impossible to identify the sex of a poet since initials or pseudonyms were used. (Back)

83 ibid., p. xxxiv (Back)

84 ibid. (Back)

85 They are Mary Postgate Cole's 'The Veteran' (in JS, MS, PB), 'Afterwards' (in JS, DH/JO), 'The Falling Leaves' (in DR) and 'Praematuri' (in DR). May Wedderburn Cannan's 'Lamplight' (in JS, MS, PB) and 'Love, 1916' (in DR). Charlotte Mew's 'The Cenotaph' (in JS, IP, PB), and Alice Meynell's 'Summer in England, 1914' (in JS, PB). (Back)

86 ibid. (Back)

87 Reilly's anthology, Scars Upon My Heart, was first published in 1981. (Back)

Bibliography

(This essay has been written by Michèle Fry, 2000 and it is copyright.)

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